Bullying Victimization And Its Effects - 1469 Words

INTRODUCTION The definition of bullying victimization is most often attributed to Daniel Olweus; who defined bullying victimization as an act in which a person is exposed to negative actions that are intended to inflict physical, mental or emotional distress (Olweus, 1994). One of the most significant consequences of bullying victimization is the observation that it occurs most often in repeated cycles that can affect the long-term emotional stability of the victim (Nansel, Overpeck, Haynie, Ruan, Scheidt, 2003 ). Studies indicate that bullying victimization experiences often leave victims prone to defiant or delinquent behaviors, poor school performance, and anger or aggression problems (Nadel, Spellman., Alvarez-Canino, Lausell-Bryant,†¦show more content†¦Recognizing the complex variables, researchers have modified existing psychological inventory tools such as the Rutter scales and the Child Depression Inventory, to better measure and assess the long-term victim outcomes (Vaillancou rt, Hymel, McDougall, 2003). One area of increasing concern among researchers is the inadequacy of the survey tools that may be impeding our understanding of the scope of the victimization, most prior research efforts have relied on survey based models that were either self-reported or provided by educators or parents, this may have diminished the sample quality and reduced the validity of the measurements (Hawker Boulton, 2000). Acknowledging that bullying victimizations extend across a wide spectrum of the population and is not merely limited to adolescent experiences; researchers are striving to explore a number of overlapping social environments, including the workplace and social media where these types of victimizations also occur. Bullying victimizations represent a large class of victims that deserve the attention and efforts of researchers to minimize the effects of past abuse and help prevent future or continual abuse. The aggregate of bullying victimizations and its con sequences often leave victims misunderstood and untreated. The next

The Mean Score For Sales Managers - 1529 Words

While conducting this research, I found, â€Å"the mean score for sales managers was significantly higher than the corresponding mean score on six traits- Extraversion, Assertiveness, Image Management, Optimism, Customer Service, and Visionary Style- but significantly lower on five traits – Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness/Teamwork, Intrinsic Motivation, and Tough-Mindedness (Lounsbury 245).† Although I have not taken the VALS assessment on myself, I feel as though I know myself well enough to determine that I fit within what a sales manager’s traits are given . Through class group work, I have found out that I am not really good at working in groups. I tend to take charge and sometimes neglect the quiet people in the group. I also do not really have the patience when group members do not accomplish their fair share of the work. With this I am also showing that I am an extrovert, while also being assertive. I would also say I am an extrovert because I am not afraid to put myself out there. In my first year, I joined two different RSO’s and have a leadership position in one already. I got this by showing up, asking questions, and showing an interest in what they were trying to accomplish. With my work experience at The Dari, being a hostess and a waitress at Crandalls, a restaurant in Hebron, I have improved with customer service skills. I understand what will make the customers unhappy and also can figure out the necessary steps to get them to continue to comeShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Restaurant General Manager801 Words   |  4 PagesCore Role Profile Restaurant General Manager Overview The Restaurant General Manager (GM) is responsible for growing restaurant guest counts, sales profitably and for making sure the restaurant meets McDonald’s critical Guest standards of Quality, Service, and Cleanliness and role models best in class Guest Experience behaviours. 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Personalities behind the civil rights movement Free Essays

The Civil Rights Movement was primarily due to discrimination and racism against the African-Americans. It aimed at granting full civil and political rights and equality to all the Americans, regardless of race. This article looks into the earlier phase (1896-1954) of the many movements which constitute the Civil Rights Movements. We will write a custom essay sample on Personalities behind the civil rights movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Civil Rights Movement would be nothing without the contributions of brave men and women towards the achievement of equal rights. These personalities and leaders made it possible to end slavery, segregation and unfair treatment to the oppressed. Even some of these people were victims themselves who struggled for freedom and justice. These leaders include: Mary McLeod Bethune, John Brown, Linda Brown, Ruby Bridges, Frederick Douglass, Medgar Evers, Marcus Garvey, Jesse Jackson, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, Rosa Parks, Homer Plessy, Dred Scott, Sojourner Truth, Nat Turner, Harrit Tubman and Malcolm X. Every one of these leaders has his/her own story to tell, own act of selflessness in order to see the better of the country. Bethune was an African American who became an advisor of the late Franklin D. Roosevelt and created an all black school so that black children can study to have good jobs later on and vote wisely; Brown helped in preventing Kansas from being a slave state and helped slaves in escaping from their captors; Linda Brown became famous for fighting the Board of Education of Topeka to help give all black children a good education; Bridges helped in ending segregation in her school. Douglass, once a slave, helped children to read and write and fought for freedom through the speeches he gave; Evers also fought for equality for the blacks in Mississippi; Garvey started the Back to America Movement, meant to help blacks me treated right; Jackson, one of the greatest Civil Rights leader, was the second black American to run for presidency, which he believed was a key to getting more political power for the blacks; and Lincoln played a big role by issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, which was a declaration of freedom for all slaves. These were just some of those who have great contributions during the Civil Rights Movement. Their primary goal, among others, was to see that every American has equal rights regardless of race or color. To do this, not just whites but blacks must be allowed to have education or to go to an all-whites school. This was important for the blacks because it is one ticket to a good job and future. Achieving this also shows equality in education between blacks and whites. The leaders also fought for the eradication of poverty among the blacks. During those times, their only purpose was being slaves to richer people in their own state. They have no right for freedom, for good jobs around the neighborhood, and for all the good things whites enjoy. The leaders have wanted economic independence for all. Another thing they saw worth fighting for was their right to vote. Many black persons were killed brutally just for encouraging blacks to vote. The whites see this as an insult to them because they think that the blacks have no business dealing with political activities. These leaders also wanted privileges be granted to blacks, especially when it comes to the places where blacks and whites are separated, such as the seating in the buses, bathrooms, housing and school. All these goals constitute social change. The leaders wanted to end the hardships that blacks shouldered everyday. They have also longed for freedom of speech. John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks can be considered great leaders during these times. Their contributions have made many changes in the way blacks were treated in different states. Kennedy was the only president to appoint blacks in different federal positions as a way to end racial discrimination. He issued the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to make way for equal treatments and rights. This act abolished the discrimination on buses. Whites and blacks alike can now sit wherever they want to. It abolished discrimination in housing. Before, blacks lived in the seedier parts of town. Only whites have the right to clean, better and richer areas. Kennedy’s Executive Order # 11063 ended this. The act also abolished discrimination in voting and education. King, on the other hand, also played an important role during the Civil Rights Movement. He believed in peaceful demonstrations and rallies, protests and marches to fight against Jim Crow Laws, which segregate blacks and whites. He wanted blacks to enjoy the same privileges as the whites such as voting. His leadership brought about changes and the Jim Crow was defeated. Blacks were able to enjoy the things that used to be denied them. Lastly, Parks became instrumental in sparking the Civil Rights Movement. She was arrested one night for refusing to give the seat to a white passenger in the bus. She was found guilty, and had to pay a fine. Although she lost the case, her arrest made way for the Montgomery Bus Boycott which lasted a year. Her lawyers then filed suit against the segregation, saying it was unconstitutional. This effort was not wasted when the U.S. Supreme Court agreed with Parks’ lawyers. The segregation on the buses was finally over. REFERENCE Payne, Charles M. (1995). I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. Berkeley: University of California Press. How to cite Personalities behind the civil rights movement, Essay examples

Erie Canal free essay sample

The difficulty in the transportation of goods from Old Northwest to the East Coast lead to the construction of the Erie canal which seemed impossible but is completed successfully and impacted America in many ways. The search for efficient routes through the Appalachian Mountains gives birth to the idea of the Erie Canal. During the earlier 1800’s farmland was becoming scarce on the East Coast. As a result many farmers traveled west over the Appalachian Mountains where there was plenty of rich farmland in the Old Northwest for them to cultivate (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). People who settled in the Old Northwest faced the problem of transporting the goods East through the Appalachian Mountains. The only water way for transportation was the Mohawk River which still did not get travelers and goods entirely to the East Coast. This caused many to ship goods by land which was costly and time consuming (Sheriff 251-253). Benson, Brannen and Valentine describe the East’s interest and concern in constructing a route saying, â€Å"Eastern port cities, such as Baltimore, Maryland; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and New York City, competed vigorously to be the first to forge transportation links with the Old Northwest† (515-519). The mountains were a huge obstacle though making it almost impossible to build any sort of transportation such as roads, trains, or canals. Except in New York there was a passage low enough for the possibility of a water passage (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). The problems of transportation and construction of an efficient route sparks the idea of building the Erie Canal. The Erie Canal project faced many obstacles to be completed and seemed like an impossible task yet goes very smoothly and is a success. The first obstacle was finding support for funding. Many people doubted the Erie Canal project would succeed because the canal would be significantly bigger than anything attempted before (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). Sheriff describes peoples doubt saying, â€Å"the prospect of a 363-mile canal seemed hopelessly impractical to even some enlightened minds† (251-253). The largest canal in the United States at the time was 27 miles long and the Erie Canal being 363 miles long would be about thirteen times that. Even with peoples’ uncertainty New York’s governor, Dewitt Clinton, was able to obtain support for the project (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). Construction was approved and began in 1817 and the canal was dug from Albany to Buffalo. The canal was to be dug 4 feet deep and 40 feet wide (A Brief History 2). Another obstacle was the fact that there were no civil engineers in the United States at the time, so four amateurs were put in charge of the construction instead. This obstacle is overcome though by the innovation of these four amateur engineers. Instead of the slow method of digging with shovels and using wheelbarrows, they had plows and scrapers pulled by animals to dig the canal. They also invented clever tools that could quickly clear trees with one man and have the stumps pulled out with only seven people. The workers consisted mostly of local farmers, mechanics, and a few Irish immigrants. Work went along smoothly no problems arose from the workers or from the engineering aspect of the building the canal. The construction of the canal was completed in October 1825 (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). Though many doubted in the project and there were no professional engineers in charge, the construction of the canal was a success that has a great impact on America. The Erie Canal had many positive impacts that helped America but a few that caused problems. One of the largest positive impacts was on the economy. Once the canal was made all of the raw goods from the West went to New York and they sent back finished goods allowing their economy to flourish (Sheriff 251-253). The Erie Canal also greatly reduced cost of shipping to the East (Commentary on Erie 1). It used to cost 100 dollars to ship one ton to New York but after the canal it only cost 8 dollars a ton and was much faster than shipping on land. This cheaper cost also caused cities along the Erie Canal to grow tremendously in population and the economy along the canal to grow (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). Erie Canal also inspired canal building across America further advancing the transportation of goods throughout America (Commentary on Erie 1). A negative effect of the canal was it increased the spread of deadly diseases like small pox and cholera affecting those along the canal and in New York. Also some religious people did not like the sale of alcohol on Sunday on boats in the canal (Benson, Brannen, and Valentine 515-519). The Erie Canal had huge affects on America boosting the economy, inspiring the construction of canals, and the spread of disease. In the endeavors of creating a better way to transport goods from Old Northwest to the East Coast the Erie Canal was built despite the obstacles it faced and ended up changing America. The Erie was built to assist trade between Old Northwest and the East Coast. The project was controversial whether or not it would work. It did work and it had a huge affect on America’s Northern economy and initiated the building of many other canals. The Erie Canal was very important without it America may have had even more economic trouble over time. Works Cited A Brief History of the Erie Canal. The Erie Canal Museum. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. lt;http://eriecanalmuseum. org/gt;. Benson, Sonia, Daniel E. Brannen, and Rebecca Valentine. Erie Canal. UXL Encyclopedia of U. S. History. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 15-519. Gale U. S. History In Context. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. lt;http://ic. galegroup. com/gt;. Commentary on Erie Canal at Lockport, New York. The Civil War. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Gale U. S. History In Context. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. lt;http://ic. galegroup. com/gt;. Sheriff, Carol. Erie Canal. Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 2 003. 251-253. Gale U. S. History In Context. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. lt;http://ic. galegroup. com/gt;.